The creativity of society making ritual becomes show art: transformation of ratok bawak meaning on Minangkabau society, Indonesia
Abstract
Using qualitative method and hermeneutical approach, this research examines the ratok bawak bewailing tradition of Minangkabau cultural ethnicity in Bukik Limbuku region, Payakumbuh town, Sumatra, Indonesia. This region uses the Indonesian language, Minangkabau tradition and follows the matrilineal system. They are led by a headman, administration is done according to custom and ratok bawak is used especially when burying a region headman. However, Hans-Georg Gadamer’s transformation theory found in his book titled Truth and Method (German: Wahrheit und Methode, first edition in 1960) has transformed this ritual into an art capable of influencing its original meaning. Data were collected by observation, interview, documentation, and reconstruction, and were analyzed by interpretative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Results show that though the ratok bawak had expounded the meaning of sadness, solidarity, education, politeness, prestige and discord, the transformed ratok bawak illustrates the meaning of aesthetics, education (norm, tradition, and social), imagination, expressive creativity, creation and appreciation.
Santrauka
Taikant kokybinį metodą ir remiantis hermeneutiniu požiūriu, šiame tyrime nagrinėjama apraudojimo tradicija ratok bawak, gyvuojanti minangkabau kultūrinėje etninėje grupėje, įsikūrusioje Bukik Limbuku regione (Pajakumbu miestelis, Sumatra, Indonezija). Šiame regione vartojama indoneziečių kalba, laikomasi minangkabau tradicijų ir gyvuoja matrilinijinė sistema. Regiono gyventojai turi savo vadą, jo valdymas grindžiamas paprotine teise, o ratok bawak tradicija taikoma tik laidojant regiono vadą. Tačiau, remiantis Hanso-Georgo Gadamerio transformacijos teorija, pristatoma knygoje Tiesa ir Metodas (vok. Wahrheit und Methode, pirmasis leidimas 1960 m.), šis ritualas transformuojamas į meną, turinčiu įtakos jo pirminei prasmei. Duomenys buvo renkami atliekant stebėjimus, imant interviu, taikant dokumentavimą ir rekonstravimą, o analizuojami pasitelkiant interpretacijos ir kokybinio aprašymo metodus. Rezultatai atskleidžia, kad, nors ratok bawak tradicijai buvo priskiriamos liūdesio, solidarumo, ugdymo, mandagumo, prestižo ir nesantaikos prasmės, tačiau transformuotoji ratok bawak tradicija iliustruoja estetikos, išsilavinimo (normų, tradicijų ir socialumo), vaizduotės, išraiškingo kūrybiškumo, kūrybos ir pripažinimo prasmes.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: ratok bawak, regionas, ritualas, šou menas, transformacija.
Keyword : ratok bawak, region, ritual, show art, transformation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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