Share:


“Creative placemaking”: a conceptual model fostering social cohesion in community spaces within residential environments

    Shanta Pragyan Dash   Affiliation
    ; N. Lakshmi Thilagam Affiliation

Abstract

There has been research on the significance of placemaking as a process for user health and well-being and how that affects their way of life in urban planning and development. Creative placemaking, one of the most effective paradigms for making social sustainability, lacks community attributes for social cohesion in planning and design techniques for community spaces, which is the focus of the study. A conceptual model for the inclusion of the concept of creative placemaking in community open spaces to enhance social cohesion in residential environments are proposed in this study. The study employs a qualitative approach to determine the elements and indicators of creative place placemaking considering placemaking as a social process. Community open spaces in a residential neighbourhood were shown to be developing creative placemaking indicators based on theoretical Research VIZ: a) place attachment, b) connection to nature, c) sense of place, d) place memory, e) happy place mapping, and f) image and identity that altogether significantly could contribute towards effective social cohesion in these spaces.

Keyword : connection to nature, creative placemaking, happy place mapping, image and identity, place attachment, place memory, sense of place, social cohesion

How to Cite
Dash, S. P., & Thilagam, N. L. (2023). “Creative placemaking”: a conceptual model fostering social cohesion in community spaces within residential environments. Creativity Studies, 16(2), 541–564. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2023.16497
Published in Issue
Sep 7, 2023
Abstract Views
1122
PDF Downloads
738
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Aflaki, A., Mahyuddin, N., Samzadeh, M., & Mirnezhad, M. (2016). The influence of place making’s attributes on the resident’s usage and satisfaction in high-rise residential community: A case study. MATEC Web of Conferences, 66. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600006

Afrin, S., Chowdhury, F. J., & Rahman, Md. M. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: Rethinking strategies for resilient urban design, perceptions, and planning. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.668263

Akbar, P. N. G., & Edelenbos, J. (2021). Positioning place-making as a social process: A systematic literature review. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1905920

Alzahrani, A., Borsi, K., & Jarman, D. (2017). Place-making and its implications for social value: A comparison study of two urban squares in London. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 12(4), 752–762. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V12-N4-752-762

Ameijde, van J., Yu Ma, Ch., Goepel, G., Kirsten, C., & Wong, J. (2022). Data-driven placemaking: Public space canopy design through multi-objective optimisation considering shading, structural and social performance. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(2), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.10.007

Aniello, C., Morgan, K., Busbey, A., & Newland, L. (1995). Mapping micro-urban heat islands using LANDSAT TM and a GIS. Computers and Geosciences, 21(8), 965–967, 969. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(95)00033-5

Arnberger, A., & Eder, R. (2012). The influence of green space on community attachment of urban and suburban residents. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 11(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.11.003

Badar, R., & Bahadure, S. (2020). Neighbourhood open spaces for social cohesion. E3S Web of Conferences, 170. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017006019

Barkhuus, L., & Wohn, D. Y. (2019). Making the city my own: Uses and practices of mobile location technologies for exploration of a new city. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 23, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-018-01191-z

Bele, A., & Wasade, N. (2018). Perception, use and experience of urban open spaces – case studies of neighbourhood public parks in Nagpur. International Journal of Science and Research, 7(9), 712–717.

Bertossi Urzua, C., Ruiz, M. A., Pajak, A., Kozela, M., Kubinova, R., Malyutina, S., Peasey, A., Pikhart, H., Marmot, M., & Bobak, M. (2019). The prospective relationship between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older adults from Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 73, 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211063

Bierwiaczonek, K., Gawron, G., Pyka, R., & Suchacka, M. (2020). Innovation places: Theoretical and methodological remarks for analysing metropolitan creativity and innovations. Creativity Studies, 13(2), 532–551. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2020.11992

Blumer, H. (1969). Fashion: From class differentiation to collective selection. The Sociological Quarterly, 10(3), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1969.tb01292.x

Boby, N. M., Dash, P. Sh., & Shetty, D. (2019). Exploring feasibility of incorporating vertical gardens in Indian context. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4), 9336–9341. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D9518.118419

Bratman, G. N., Daily, G. C., Levy, B. J., & Gross, J. J. (2015). The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.005

Brown, B. B., & Perkins, D. D. (1992). Disruptions in place attachment. In I. Altman & S. M. Low (Eds.), Human behavior and environment: advances in theory and research: Vol. 12. Place attachment (pp. 279–304). Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_13

Carmona, M. (2021). Public places, urban spaces: The dimensions of urban design. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315158457

Castell, P. (2006). Space for community – the study of resident involvement in neighbourhood space management. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 93, 703–712. https://doi.org/10.2495/SC060671

Chamorro-Koc, M., & Caldwell, G. (2018). Viable futures through design: Community engagement experiences in the creative industries. Creativity Studies, 11(1), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2018.857

Chitgopkar, Sh., Dash, Sh., P., & Walimbe, S. (2020). Gated community living: A study of contemporary residential development approach in Indian cities. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(9), 7437–7451.

Clayton, S., Colléony, A., Conversy, P., Maclouf, E., Martin, L., Torres, A.-C., Truong, M.-X., & Prévot, A.-C. (2017). Transformation of experience: Toward a new relationship with nature. Conservation Letters: A Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, 10(5), 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12337

Cohen, M., Quinn, J. E., Marshall, D., & Sharp, T. (2019). Sustainability assessment of a community open space vision. Sustainability Science, 14, 1565–1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00659-y

Colléony, A., White, R., & Shwartz, A. (2019). The influence of spending time outside on experience of nature and environmental attitudes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 187, 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.010

Cramm, J. M., Dijk, van H. M., & Nieboer, A. P. (2013). The importance of neighborhood social cohesion and social capital for the well being of older adults in the community. The Gerontologist, 53(1), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns052

Cramm, J. M., & Nieboer, A. P. (2015). Social cohesion and belonging predict the well-being of community-dwelling older people. BMC Geriatrics, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0027-y

Cresswell, T. (2004). Short introductions to geography. Place: A short introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.

Dash, Sh. P. (2017). A sustainable approach towards development of an Island Community. Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology, 4(1), 32–38.

Dash, S. P. (2020). To study the impact of neighborhood planning on healthy ageing. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(2), 3439–3453.

Dash, Sh. P., & Jivan Pati, D. (2021). A review on exploring the characteristics of neighbourhood spaces in residential environments: Case study of Indian housing projects. Journal of Tianjin University Science and Technology, 54(7), 506–523.

Dash, Sh. P., & Rama Devi, N. (2018). Behavioural impact of interior landscaping on human psychology. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(2), 661–674.

Dash, Sh. P., & Thilagam, N. L. (2022). A study on inter- relationship of open space and social cohesion for wellbeing of elderly: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 9(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n1.880

Dijk, van H. M., Cramm, J. M., & Nieboer, A. P. (2013). Social cohesion as perceived by community-dwelling older people: The role of individual and neighbourhood characteristics. International Journal of Ageing and Later Life, 8(2), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.13210

Dwipantara Putra, B., Horne, R., & Hurley, J. (2019). Place, space and identity through greening in Kampung Kota. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 30(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2019.30.3.3

Ekomadyo, A. S., Nurfadillah, A., Kartamihardja, A., & Cungwin, A. J. (2018). Becoming heritage: A place-making study of old neighbourhood marketplace in Bandung. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. The 4th PlanoCosmo International Conference, 158(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/158/1/012012

Ellery, P. J., Ellery, J., & Borkowsky, M. (2021). Toward a theoretical understanding of placemaking. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 4, 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42413-020-00078-3

Elsawahli, H., Ahmad, F., & Ali, A. Sh. (2014). New urbanism design principles and young elderly active lifestyle: An analysis of TTDI neighbourhood in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Urban Design International, 19, 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1057/udi.2013.22

Feng, Z., Cramm, J. M., & Nieboer, A. P. (2021). Associations of social cohesion and socioeconomic status with health behaviours among middle-aged and older Chinese people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094894

Frantzeskaki, N., & Kabisch, N. (2016). Designing a knowledge co-production operating space for urban environmental governance – lessons from Rotterdam, Netherlands and Berlin, Germany. Environmental Science and Policy, 62, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.01.010

Franz, M., Güles, O., & Prey, G. (2008). Place‐making and “green” reuses of brownfields in the Ruhr. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 99(3), 316–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2008.00464.x

Friedmann, J. (2010). Place and place-making in cities: A global perspective. Planning Theory and Pratice, 11(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649351003759573

Furlan, R., Petruccioli, A., & Jamaleddin, M. (2019). The authenticity of place-making: Space and character of the regenerated historic district in Msheireb, Downtown Doha (State of Qatar). Archnet-IJAR, 13(1), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-11-2018-0009

Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Island Press.

Giles-Corti, B., Broomhall, M. H., Knuiman, M., Collins, C., Douglas, K., Ng, K., Lange, A., & Donovan, R. J. (2005). Increasing walking: How important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.018

Gulsrud, N. M., Hertzog, K., & Shears, I. (2018). Innovative urban forestry governance in Melbourne? Investigating “green placemaking” as a nature-based solution. Environmental Research, 161, 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.005

Gwiaździński, E., Kaczorowska-Spychalska, D., & Moreira Pinto, L. (2020). Is it a smart city a creative place? Creativity Studies, 13(2), 460–476. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2020.12190

Habibah, A., Mushrifah, I., Hamzah, J., Er, A. C., Buang, A., Toriman, M. E., Selvadurai, S., & Zaimah, R. (2013). Place-making of ecotourism in Tasik Chini: From exploratory to the contemporary biosphere reserve. Asian Social Science, 9(6), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n6p84

Haywood, B. K., Parrish, J. K., & Dolliver, J. (2016). Place-based and data-rich citizen science as a precursor for conservation action. Conservation Biology, 30(3), 476–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12702

Hess, M., & Naegele, L. (2018). Germany. In P. Becker, J. Schütz, & A. Zimmermann (Eds.), Population Europe discussion papers series. Ageing workforce, social cohesion and sustainable development: Political challenges within the Baltic Sea Region (Discussion Paper No. 109) (pp. 17–20). A. Edel (Ed.). Newprint Blue GmbH.

Hifz Ur Rahman, M., & Singh, A. (2019). Disability and social cohesion among older adults: A multi-country study. International Journal of Social Economics, 46(4), 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2018-0230

Inishev, I. (2018). Embedded creativity: Structural interconnections between materiality, visuality, and agency in everyday perceptual settings. Creativity Studies, 11(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2018.541

Iwińska, K. (2017). Towards better participatory planning: Guide to place-making [Master’s Thesis, Utrecht University, Netherlands]. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/20.500.12932/28319/Master%20thesis%20Katarzyna%20Iwinska%205894824.pdf?sequence=1

Jacobs, J. (1992). The death and life of great American cities. Vintage Books.

Jonsson, P. (2004). Vegetation as an urban climate control in the subtropical city of Gaborone, Botswana. International Journal of Climatology, 24(10), 1307–1322. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1064

Kaźmierczak, A. (2013). The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning, 109(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.05.007

Kenter, J. O., Raymond, Ch. M., Riper, van C. J., Azzopardi, E., Brear, M. R., Calcagni, F., Christie, I., Christie, M., Fordham, A., Gould, R. K., Ives, Ch. D., Hejnowicz, A. P., Gunton, R., Horcea-Milcu, A.-I., Kendal, D., Kronenberg, J., Massenberg, J. R., O’Connor, S., Ravenscroft, N., Rawluk, A., Raymond, I. J., Rodríguez Morales, J., & Thankappan, S. (2019). Loving the mess: Navigating diversity and conflict in social values for sustainability. Sustainability Science, 14, 1439–1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00726-4

Kleinhans, R. (2009). Does social capital affect residents’ propensity to move from restructured neighbourhoods? Housing Studies, 24(5), 629–651. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673030903085784

Knibbe, M., & Horstman, K. (2019). The making of new care spaces: How micropublic places mediate inclusion and exclusion in a Dutch city. Health and Place, 57, 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.008

Koohsari, M. J., Karakiewicz, J. A., & Kaczynski, A. T. (2012). Public open space and walking: The role of proximity, perceptual qualities of the surrounding built environment, and street configuration. Environment and Behavior, 45(6), 706–736. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512440876

Lachowycz, K., & Jones, A. P. (2011). Greenspace and obesity: A Systematic review of the evidence. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00827.x

Lak, A., & Kheibari, Sh. Z. (2020). Towards a framework for facilitating the implementation of tactical urbanism practices: Assessment criteria in the place-making approach in Iran. Geoforum, 115, 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.003

Landry, Ch. (2008). The creative city: A toolkit for urban innovators. Comedia/Earthscan.

Leopold, A. (1968). A Sand County Almanac, and sketches here and there. Oxford University Press.

Lepofsky, J., & Fraser, J. C. (2003). Building community citizens: Claiming the right to place-making in the city. Urban Studies, 40(1), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980220080201

Lew, A. A. (2017). Tourism planning and place making: Place-making or placemaking? Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 19(3), 448–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1282007

Lewicka, M. (2008). Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: Restoring the forgotten city past. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(3), 209–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.001

Lilburne, G. R. (1989). A sense of place: A Christian theology of the land. Abingdon Press.

Limburg, van B. (2019). The placemaking tube. Lambert Academic Publishing.

Lynch, K. (1990). The image of the city. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Vries, de S., Spreeuwenberg, P., Schellevis, F. G., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2009). Morbidity is related to a green living environment. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 63, 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.079038

Markusen, A., & Nicodemus, A. G. (2014). Creative placemaking: How to do it well. Community Development Investment Review, 10(2), 35–42.

Mishra, N. (2019). Social life on commercial street: A case of commercial markets of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 8(7), 209–221.

Mowla, Q. A. (2004). Memory association in place making: Understanding an urban space. Memory, 9(52–54). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267834560_Memory_Association_in_Place_Making_Understanding_an_Urban_Space

Nikounam Nezami, H., & Asadpour, A. (2021). Social capital and the spatial quality of neighborhoods: Parameters, indicators and strategies. ITU A/Z: Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 18(2), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2021.49374

Oakley, S., & Johnson, L. (2012). Place-taking and place-making in waterfront renewal, Australia. Urban Studies, 50(2), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012452328

Othman, S., Nishimura, Y., & Kubota, A. (2013). Memory association in place making: A review. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 85, 554–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.384

Pancholi, S., Yigitcanlar, T., & Guaralda, M. (2018). Societal integration that matters: Place making experience of Macquarie park innovation District, Sydney. City, Culture and Society, 13, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2017.09.004

Pereira, G., Foster, S., Martin, K., Christian, H., Boruff, B. J., Knuiman, M., & Giles-Corti, B. (2012). The association between neighborhood greenness and cardiovascular disease: An observational study. BMC Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-466

Platt, L. C. (2017). Crafting place: Women’s everyday creativity in placemaking processes. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 22(3), 362–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417722090

Raymond, Ch. M., Brown, G., & Weber, D. (2010). The measurement of place attachment: Personal, community, and environmental connections. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 422–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.08.002

Roshan, G., & Moghbel, M. (2020). Rain and snow event cooling effect: A comparison on outdoor and indoor thermal comfort in Ardabil, Northwest of Iran. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 142, 1581–1594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03403-0

Salizzoni, E., & Pérez-Campaña, R. (2019). Design for biodiverse urban landscapes: Connecting place-making to place-keeping. Ri-Vista: Research for Landscape Architecture, 17(2), 130–149.

Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2010). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.006

Schneekloth, L. H., & Shibley, R. G. (1995). Placemaking: The art and practice of building communities. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Sepe, M. (2017a). Placemaking, livability and public spaces: Achieving sustainability through happy places. The Journal of Public Space, 2(4), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i4.141

Sepe, M. (2017b). The role of public space to achieve urban happiness. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 12(4), 724–733. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V12-N4-724-733

Sofield, T., Guia, J., & Specht, J. (2017). Organic “Folkloric” community driven place-making and tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.002

Soga, M., & Gaston, K. J. (2016). Extinction of experience: The loss of human–nature interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14(2), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1225

Sousa, de Ch. A. (2003). Turning brownfields into green space in the city of Toronto. Landscape and Urban Planning, 62(4), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00149-4

Stedman, R. C. (2002). Toward a social psychology of place: Predicting behavior from place-based cognitions, attitude, and identity. Environment and Behavior, 34(5), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502034005001

Stoletov, A. (2016). Social creativity and phenomenon of success in postindustrial society. Creativity Studies, 9(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.3846/23450479.2016.1223765

Sweeney, J., Mee, K., McGuirk, P., & Ruming, K. (2018). Assembling placemaking: The making and remaking of place in the regeneration of the post-industrial city. Cultural Geographies, 25(4), 571–587. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474018778560

Thwaites, K., & Simkins, I. (2005). Experiential landscape place: Exploring experiential potential in neighbourhood settings. Urban Design International, 10, 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000134

Wesener, A., Fox-Kämper, R., Sondermann, M., & Münderlein, D. (2020). Placemaking in action: Factors that support or obstruct the development of urban community gardens. Sustainability, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020657

Whyte, W. H. (2001). The social life of small urban spaces. Project for Public Spaces.

Williams, D. R. (2014). Making sense of “Place”: Reflections on pluralism and positionality in place research. Landscape and Urban Planning, 131, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.002

Woods, M. (2010). Performing rurality and practising rural geography. Progress in Human Geography, 34(6), 835–846. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132509357356

Woolley, H. (2003). Urban open spaces. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203402146

Yin, N., & Bennett, N. G. (2012). Aging societies. In H. K. Anheier & M. Juergensmeyer (Eds.), The encyclopedia of global studies (Vol. 4, pp. 308–309). SAGE Publications, Inc.

Yu, K.-H., Chen, Y.-A., Jaimes, E., Wu, W.-Ch., Liao, K.-K., Liao, J.-Ch., Lu, K.-Ch., Sheu, W.-J., & Wang, Ch.-Ch. (2021). Optimization of thermal comfort, indoor quality, and energy-saving in campus classroom through deep Q learning. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.100842

Zhang, Zh., Fisher, Th., & Feng, G. (2020). Assessing the rationality and walkability of campus layouts. Sustainability, 12(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310116

Zylstra, M. J., Knight, A. T., Esler, K. J., & Grange, le L. L. L. (2014). Connectedness as a core conservation concern: An interdisciplinary review of theory and a call for practice. Springer Science Reviews, 2, 119–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40362-014-0021-3