Share:


When BIM meets blockchain: a mixed-methods literature review

    Yongshun Xu Affiliation
    ; Ming Chi Affiliation
    ; Heap-Yih Chong Affiliation
    ; Cen-Ying Lee Affiliation
    ; Keyu Chen Affiliation

Abstract

Building information modeling (BIM) and blockchain applications have introduced significant benefits to the architecture, engineering, construction, and operation (AECO) industry in recent years. Although publications on BIM and blockchain integration have been increasing, no systematic examination of the present status and managerial implications of integrated BIM and blockchain has been conducted. To bridge this gap, this paper conducts a state-of-the-art review of the development of integrated BIM and blockchain in a built environment. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was adopted to synthesize and analyze the research evidence. The results revealed five key managerial implica­tions of BIM integration with blockchain at the project level: design and collaboration, financial management, construction management, information management, and integration management (with other cutting-edge technologies). Challenges and opportunities are outlined and articulated from both technological and managerial perspectives, such as stakeholder management, impact assessment, real-time project management, information redundancy, and incompatibility.

Keyword : BIM, blockchain, mixed-methods, integration, design and collaboration, financial management, construction management, information management, integration management, managerial implications

How to Cite
Xu, Y., Chi, M., Chong, H.-Y., Lee, C.-Y., & Chen, K. (2024). When BIM meets blockchain: a mixed-methods literature review. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 30(7), 646–669. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2024.21638
Published in Issue
Sep 11, 2024
Abstract Views
743
PDF Downloads
229
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Abrishami, S., & Elghaish, F. (2019). Revolutionising AEC financial system within project delivery stages: A permissioned blockchain digitalised framework. In B. Kumar, F. Rahimian, D. Greenwood, & T. Hartmann (Eds.), 36th CIB W78 2019 (pp. 199–210), Newcastle, UK.

Akbarieh, A., Carbone, W., Schäfer, M., Waldmann, D., & Teferle, F. N. (2020). Extended producer responsibility in the construction sector through blockchain, BIM and smart contract technologies. In The World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST-2020) (pp. 190–196). https://doi.org/10.20533/WCST.2020.0004

Akhavan, P., Ravanshadnia, M., & Shahrayini, A. (2021). Blockchain technology in the construction industry: Integrating BIM in project management and IoT in supply chain management. In 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Management, Blockchain & Economy, Iran.

Aleksandrova, E., Vinogradova, V., & Tokunova, G. (2019). Integration of digital technologies in the field of construction in the Russian Federation. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 11(3), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2019-0019

Alizadehsalehi, S., & Yitmen, I. (2023). Digital twin-based progress monitoring management model through reality capture to extended reality technologies (DRX). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 12(1), 200–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-01-2021-0016

Alvarez, A. P., Ordieres-Meré, J., Loreiro, Á. P., & de Marcos, L. (2021). Opportunities in airport pavement management: Integration of BIM, the IoT and DLT. Journal of Air Transport Management, 90, Article 101941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101941

Amaludin, A., & Bin Taharin, M. (2018). Prospect of blockchain technology for construction project management in Malaysia. ASM Science Journal, 11, 199–205.

Baldawa, S., Kondaka, L., Iyer, R. S., & Thiruganan, D. (2023). Blockchain-based construction management system. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (pp. 597–603). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOEI56765.2023.10125997

Bohner, E., Vehmas, T., Laikari, A., Okkonen, M., Kiviniemi, M., Lahdenperä, P., & Ferreira, M. (2019). Digitalisation of the quality control of concrete manufacturing and construction. In FIB Symposium 2019: Concrete-Innovations in Materials, Design and Structures (pp. 1435–1442), Krakow, Poland.

Brandín, R., & Abrishami, S. (2021). Information traceability platforms for asset data lifecycle: Blockchain-based technologies. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 10(3), 364–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-03-2021-0042

Bukunova, O. V., & Bukunov, A. S. (2019). Tools of data transmission at building information modeling. In 2019 International Science and Technology Conference “EastConf”. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EastConf.2019.8725373

Celik, Y., Petri, I., & Rezgui, Y. (2021). Leveraging BIM and blockchain for digital twins. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE/ITMC52061.2021.9570246

Celik, Y., Petri, I., & Rezgui, Y. (2023a). Integrating BIM and Blockchain across construction lifecycle and supply chains. Computers in Industry, 148, Article 103886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.103886

Celik, Y., Petri, I., & Barati, M. (2023b). Blockchain supported BIM data provenance for construction projects. Computers in Industry, 144, Article 103768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103768

Chong, H. Y., & Cheng, M. (2023). Smart contract implementation in building information modeling–enabled projects: Approach to contract administration. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 149(5), Article 05023004. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-13216

Chong, H. Y., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2020). Integrating advanced technologies to uphold security of payment: Data flow diagram. Automation in Construction, 114, Article 103158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103158

Ciotta, V., Mariniello, G., Asprone, D., Botta, A., & Manfredi, G. (2021). Integration of blockchains and smart contracts into construction information flows: Proof-of-concept. Automation in Construction, 132, Article 103925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103925

Cocco, L., Tonelli, R., & Marchesi, M. (2022). A system proposal for information management in building sector based on BIM, SSI, IoT and blockchain. Future Internet, 14(5), Article 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050140

Das, M., Tao, X., & Cheng, J. C. (2021). BIM security: A critical review and recommendations using encryption strategy and blockchain. Automation in Construction, 126, Article 103682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103682

Di Giuda, G. M., Giana, P. E., & Pattini, G. (2020). The shortening and the automation of payments: The potentiality of smart contract in the AECO sector. In Fifth Australasia and South-East Asia Structural Engineering and Construction Conference. ISEC Press. https://doi.org/10.14455/ISEC.2020.7(2).CON-12

Dounas, T., & Lombardi, D. (2018). A CAD-blockchain integration strategy for distributed validated digital design-connecting the blockchain. In Proceedings of 36th Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) Conference 2018: Computing for a Better Tomorrow (pp. 223–230), Łódź, Poland. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.223

Dounas, T., Lombardi, D., & Jabi, W. (2019). Towards blockchains for architectural design consensus mechanisms for collaboration in BIM. In Blucher Design Proceedings (pp. 267–274), San Paulo, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.5151/proceedings-ecaadesigradi2019_296

Dounas, T., Jabi, W., & Lombardi, D. (2020). Smart contracts for decentralised building information modelling. In Proceedings of 38th Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) Conference 2020: Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the Cognitive Age (pp. 565–574), Berlin, Germany. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.565

Dounas, T., Lombardi, D., & Jabi, W. (2021). Framework for decentralised architectural design BIM and blockchain integration. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 19(2), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478077120963376

Elghaish, F., Abrishami, S., & Hosseini, M. R. (2020). Integrated project delivery with blockchain: An automated financial system. Automation in Construction, 114, Article 103182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103182

Elghaish, F., Hosseini, M. R., Matarneh, S., Talebi, S., Wu, S., Martek, I., Poshdar, M., & Ghodrati, N. (2021). Blockchain and the ‘Internet of Things’ for the construction industry: Research trends and opportunities. Automation in Construction, 132, Article 103942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103942

Elghaish, F., Rahimian, F. P., Hosseini, M. R., Edwards, D., & Shelbourn, M. (2022). Financial management of construction projects: Hyperledger fabric and chaincode solutions. Automation in Construction, 137, Article 104185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104185

Elghaish, F., Hosseini, M. R., Kocaturk, T., Arashpour, M., & Ledari, M. B. (2023). Digitalised circular construction supply chain: An integrated BIM-Blockchain solution. Automation in Construction, 148, Article 104746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104746

Erri Pradeep, A. S., Yiu, T. W., & Amor, R. (2019). Leveraging blockchain technology in a BIM workflow: A literature review. In International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2019 (ICSIC): Driving Data-Informed Decision-Making (pp. 371–380). ICE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1680/icsic.64669.371

Erri Pradeep, A. S., Amor, R., & Yiu, T. W. (2020). Blockchain improving trust in BIM data exchange: A case study on BIMCHAIN. In Construction Research Congress 2020 (pp. 174–183). https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482865.124

Erri Pradeep, A. S., Yiu, T. W., Zou, Y., & Amor, R. (2021). Blockchain-aided information exchange records for design liability control and improved security. Automation in Construction, 126, Article 103667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103667

Faraji, A., Homayoon Arya, S., Ghasemi, E., Rashidi, M., Perera, S., Tam, V., & Rahnamayiezekavat, P. (2024). A conceptual framework of decentralized blockchain integrated system based on building information modeling to steering digital administration of disputes in the IPD contracts. Construction Innovation, 24(1), 384–406. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-01-2023-0008

Fitriawijaya, A., & Hsin-Hsuan, T. (2019). A blockchain approach to supply chain management in a BIM-enabled environment. In Intelligent and Informed – Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (pp. 411–420), Bangkok, Thailand. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.411

Ganter, M., & Lützkendorf, T. (2019). Information management throughout the life cycle of buildings-basics and new approaches such as blockchain. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 323(1), Article 012110. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012110

Gao, H., & Zhong, B. (2022). A blockchain-based framework for supporting BIM-based building code compliance checking workflow. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1218(1), Article 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1218/1/012016

Hadavi, A., & Alizadehsalehi, S. (2024). From BIM to metaverse for AEC industry. Automation in Construction, 160, Article 105248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105248

Hamledari, H., & Fischer, M. (2021). Construction payment automation using blockchain-enabled smart contracts and robotic reality capture technologies. Automation in Construction, 132, Article 103926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103926

Hargaden, V., Papakostas, N., Newell, A., Khavia, A., & Scanlon, A. (2019). The role of blockchain technologies in construction engineering project management. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE.2019.8792582

Harty, J. (2019). Rewarding performance in construction. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 192, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.2495/BIM190021

Hijazi, A. A., Perera, S., Al-Ashwal, A. M., & Neves Calheiros, R. (2019). Enabling a single source of truth through BIM and blockchain integration. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Innovation, Technology, Enterprise and Entrepreneurship (ICITEE 2019), Kingdom of Bahrai.

Hijazi, A. A., Perera, S., Calheiros, R. N., & Alashwal, A. (2021). Rationale for the integration of BIM and blockchain for the construction supply chain data delivery: A systematic literature review and validation through focus group. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 147(10), Article 03121005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002142

Hijazi, A. A., Perera, S., Alashwal, A. M., & Calheiros, R. N. (2023a). Developing a BIM single source of truth prototype using blockchain technology. Buildings, 13(1), Article 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010091

Hijazi, A. A., Perera, S., Calheiros, R. N., & Alashwal, A. (2023b). A data model for integrating BIM and blockchain to enable a single source of truth for the construction supply chain data delivery. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(10), 4645–4664. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-03-2022-0209

Honcharenko, T., Kyivska, K., Serpinska, O., Savenko, V., Kysliuk, D., & Orlyk, Y. (2021). Digital transformation of the construction design based on the building information modeling and internet of things. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings (Vol. 3039, pp. 267–279), Ternopil, Ukraine.

Hsu, C. L., Wang, J. T., & Hou, H. Y. (2023). A blockchain-based parametric model library for knowledge sharing in building information modeling collaboration. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 149(11), Article 04023107. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-13060

Hunhevicz, J. J., Motie, M., & Hall, D. M. (2022). Digital building twins and blockchain for performance-based (smart) contracts. Automation in Construction, 133, Article 103981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103981

Husin, A. E., & Priyawan, P. (2023). Implementation the Last Indonesian Minister Regulation of 2022 uses SEM-PLS and Blockchain-BIM to green cost efficiency. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 33(2), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.33.2.34229

Husin, A. E., Priyawan, P., Kussumardianadewi, B. D., Pangestu, R., Prawina, R. S., Kristiyanto, K., & Arif, E. J. (2023). Renewable energy approach with Indonesian Regulation Guide uses Blockchain-BIM to green cost performance. Civil Engineering Journal, 9(10), 2486–2502. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-09

Javaherikhah, A., Valiente Lopez, M., & Mohandes, S. R. (2023). Developing an inspector-centric blockchain-enabled conceptual framework for BIM management in Mars buildings. Buildings, 13(11), Article 2858. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112858

Jia, J., Zhang, M., & Yang, G. (2022). Factors influencing BIM integration with emerging technologies: Knowledge coupling perspective. Journal of Management in Engineering, 38(2), Article 04022001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001018

Jiang, H., Yun, L., & Li, B. (2022). Framework for blockchain-enabled building information modeling. In K. Arai (Ed.), Lecture notes in networks and systems: Vol 438. Advances in information and communication. FICC 2022 (pp. 832–842). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98012-2_58

Kamel, M. A., Bakhoum, E. S., & Marzouk, M. M. (2023). A framework for smart construction contracts using BIM and blockchain. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 10217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37353-0

Kang, J. (2022). Convergence analysis of BIM & blockchain technology in construction industry informatization. In 2022 4th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT) (pp. 256–259). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSIT53264.2022.9716352

Kankanamge, D., & Ruparathna, R. (2023). Adopting ecolabels in the construction industry via blockchain. In R. Gupta, M. Sun, S. Brzev, M. S. Alam, K. T. W. Ng, J. Li, A. El Damatty, & C. Lim (Eds.), Lecture notes in civil engineering: Vol. 363. Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2022. CSCE 2022 (pp. 655–672). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34593-7_40

Khan, N., Lee, D., Baek, C., & Park, C. S. (2020). Converging technologies for safety planning and inspection information system of portable firefighting equipment. IEEE Access, 8, 211173–211188. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3039512

Khanna, M., Elghaish, F., McIlwaine, S., & Brooks, T. (2021). Feasibility of implementing IPD approach for infrastructure projects in developing countries. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 26, 902–921. https://doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.048

Le, H. T. (2021). Blockchain for building information modeling in construction industry. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2406(1), Article 020033. AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067158

Lee, D., Lee, S. H., Masoud, N., Krishnan, M. S., & Li, V. C. (2021). Integrated digital twin and blockchain framework to support accountable information sharing in construction projects. Automation in Construction, 127, Article 103688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103688

Li, J., & Kassem, M. (2021). Applications of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and Blockchain-enabled smart contracts in construction. Automation in Construction, 132, Article 103955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103955

Li, Q., & Wang, Y. (2021). Blockchain’s role in supporting circular supply chains in the built environment. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) (pp. 578–583). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain53845.2021.00087

Li, J., Kassem, M., Ciribini, A. L. C., & Bolpagni, M. (2019). A proposed approach integrating DLT, BIM, IOT and smart contracts: Demonstration using a simulated installation task. In International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2019 (ICSIC): Driving Data-Informed Decision-Making (pp. 275–282). ICE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1680/icsic.64669.275

Li, C. Z., Chen, Z., Xue, F., Kong, X. T., Xiao, B., Lai, X., & Zhao, Y. (2021a). A blockchain-and IoT-based smart product-service system for the sustainability of prefabricated housing construction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 286, Article 125391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125391

Li, J., Wang, J., Ji, W., Liu, J., Sun, H., Xu, Y., & Wu, B. (2021b). Research on safety and quality control intelligent systems of engineering project based on blockchain and BIM technologies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2044(1), Article 012199. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2044/1/012199

Li, W., Duan, P., & Su, J. (2021c). The effectiveness of project management construction with data mining and blockchain consensus. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02668-7

Li, X., Lu, W., Xue, F., Wu, L., Zhao, R., Lou, J., & Xu, J. (2022). Blockchain-enabled IoT-BIM platform for supply chain management in modular construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 148(2), Article 04021195. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002229

Li, C. Z., Zhen, Y., Wu, H., Chen, Z., Xiao, B., & Tam, V. W. (2023). The application of BIM in the AECO industry. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 29(3), 202–222. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2023.18076

Liu, Z., Jiang, L., Osmani, M., & Demian, P. (2019). Building information management (BIM) and blockchain (BC) for sustainable building design information management framework. Electronics, 8(7), Article 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070724

Liu, Z., Chi, Z., Osmani, M., & Demian, P. (2021). Blockchain and building information management (BIM) for sustainable building development within the context of smart cities. Sustainability, 13(4), Article 2090. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042090

Lokshina, I. V., Greguš, M., & Thomas, W. L. (2019). Application of integrated building information modeling, IoT and blockchain technologies in system design of a smart building. Procedia Computer Science, 160, 497–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.058

Loo, B. P., & Wong, R. W. (2023). Towards a conceptual framework of using technology to support smart construction: The case of modular integrated construction (MiC). Buildings, 13(2), Article 372. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020372

Lu, W., Li, X., Xue, F., Zhao, R., Wu, L., & Yeh, A. G. (2021). Exploring smart construction objects as blockchain oracles in construction supply chain management. Automation in Construction, 129, Article 103816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103816

Luo, X., Mao, H., Wang, F., Li, Y., Ji, H., & Meng, H. (2021). Development and application of three-dimensional visualization system for substation construction control based on “BIM+ Smart site” technology. In 2021 4th International Symposium on Traffic Transportation and Civil Architecture (ISTTCA) (pp. 410–417). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTTCA53489.2021.9654628

Mason, J. (2019). BIM Fork: Are smart contracts in construction more likely to prosper with or without BIM?. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 11(4), Article 02519002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000316

Mathews, M., Robles, D., & Bowe, B. (2017). BIM+blockchain: A solution to the trust problem in collaboration. In CITA BIM Gathering 2017, Gallway, Ireland. https://doi.org/10.21427/D73N5K

Meng, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Shi, W., Wang, J., Sun, Y., Xu, L., & Wang, X. (2020). A review of integrated applications of BIM and related technologies in whole building life cycle. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(8), 1647–1677. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-09-2019-0511

Nawari, N. O. (2021). Blockchain technologies: Hyperledger fabric in BIM work processes. In E. Santos Toledo, & S. Scheer (Eds.), Lecture notes in civil engineering: Vol 98. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. ICCCBE 2020 (pp. 813–823). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51295-8_56

Nawari, N. O., & Ravindran, S. (2019a). Blockchain technology and BIM process: Review and potential applications. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 24(12), 209–238.

Nawari, N. O., & Ravindran, S. (2019b). Blockchain and building information modeling (BIM): Review and applications in post-disaster recovery. Buildings, 9(6), Article 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9060149

Nawari, N. O., & Ravindran, S. (2019c). Blockchain and the built environment: Potentials and limitations. Journal of Building Engineering, 25, Article 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100832

Nawari, N. O., & Ravindran, S. (2019d). Blockchain technologies in BIM workflow environment. In Computing in Civil Engineering 2019: Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation (pp. 343–352). American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.044

Ng, P. (2021). 21E8: Coupling generative adversarial neural networks (GANS) with blockchain applications in building information modelling (BIM) systems. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA) (Vol. 2, pp. 111–120), Hong Kong, China. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.111

Ni, Y., Sun, B., & Wang, Y. (2021). Blockchain-based BIM digital project management mechanism research. IEEE Access, 9, 161342–161351. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3130270

O’Reilly, A., & Mathews, M. (2019). Incentivising multidisciplinary teams with new methods of procurement using BIM + blockchain. In CITA BIM Gathering 2019, Gallway, Ireland. https://doi.org/10.21427/14aq-jn02

Oraee, M., Hosseini, M. R., Edwards, D. J., Li, H., Papadonikolaki, E., & Cao, D. (2019). Collaboration barriers in BIM-based construction networks: A conceptual model. International Journal of Project Management, 37(6), 839–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2019.05.004

Orani, C., & Mathews, M. (2022). A BIM+ blockchain approach to ensure transparency in the strategic housing development planning system. Technological University Dublin. https://doi.org/10.21427/52HT-9396

Pan, Y., & Zhang, L. (2023). Integrating BIM and AI for smart construction management: Current status and future directions. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 30(2), 1081–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09830-8

Pattini, G., Di Giuda, G. M., & Tagliabue, L. C. (2020). Blockchain application for contract schemes in the construction industry. In Y. Vacanas, C. Danezis, A. Singh, S., & Yazdani (Eds.), Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction. Holistic Overview of Structural Design and Construction (pp. AAE-21-1–AAE-21-6). ISEC Press. https://doi.org/10.14455/ISEC.res.2020.7(1).AAE-21

Pattini, G., Seghezzi, E., & Di Giuda, G. M. (2021). Digitalization in construction: Blockchain applicability in the industry. In S. El Baradei, A. Abodonya, A. Singh, & S. Yazdani (Eds.), Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction (Vol. 8(1), pp. AAE-06-1–AAE-06-6). ISEC Press. https://doi.org/10.14455/ISEC.2021.8(1).AAE-06

Perera, S., Nanayakkara, S., Rodrigo, M. N. N., Senaratne, S., & Weinand, R. (2020). Blockchain technology: Is it hype or real in the construction industry?. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 17, Article 100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2020.100125

Prakash, A., & Ambekar, S. (2020). Digital transformation using blockchain technology in the construction industry. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 22(4), 256–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2021.1880245

Raco, F., Stefani, M., Balzani, M., & Ferrari, L. (2021). Towards effective project documentation, transparency, and data-driven decision-making through BIM-blockchain based applications. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLVI-4/W5-2021, 437–444. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-4-W5-2021-437-2021

Raslan, A., Kapogiannis, G., Cheshmehzangi, A., Tizani, W., & Towey, D. (2020a). Blockchain: Future facilitator of asset information modelling and management?. In 2020 IEEE 44th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (pp. 523–528). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC48688.2020.0-199

Raslan, A., Kapogiannis, G., Cheshmehzangi, A., Tizani, W., & Towey, D. (2020b). A framework for assembling asset information models (AIMs) through permissioned blockchain. In 2020 IEEE 44th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (pp. 529–534). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC48688.2020.0-198

Saah, A. E. N., & Choi, J. H. (2023). Blockchain technology in the AEC industry: Scientometric analysis of research activities. Journal of Building Engineering, 72, Article 106609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106609

Safa, M., Baeza, S., & Weeks, K. (2019). Incorporating blockchain technology in construction management. Strategic Direction, 35(10), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1108/SD-03-2019-0062

Sari, M., Berawi, M. A., & Zagloel, T. Y. (2023). A research review on the integration of BIM and blockchain in the AEC industry. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2594, Article 030002. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0109126

Sarkar, D., Dhaneshwar, D., & Raval, P. (2023). Automation in monitoring of construction projects through BIM-IoT-Blockchain model. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 104(2), 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00727-8

Selvanesan, H., & Satanarachchi, N. (2023). Potential for synergetic integration of building information modelling, blockchain and supply chain management in construction industry. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 28(35), 662–691. https://doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2023.035

Shkundalov, D., & Vilutienė, T. (2021). Bibliometric analysis of building information modeling, geographic information systems and web environment integration. Automation in Construction, 128, Article 103757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103757

Shojaei, A., Flood, I., Moud, H. I., Hatami, M., & Zhang, X. (2020). An implementation of smart contracts by integrating BIM and blockchain. In K. Arai, R. Bhatia, & S. Kapoor (Eds.), Advances in intelligent systems and computing: Vol. 1070. Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference. FTC 2019 (pp. 519–527). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32523-7_36

Shu, P., Binti Za’Ba, N. I. L., & Ya’Acob, M. R. B. (2023). Framework design of smart contracts-based building information modeling contracts management in material supply chain. International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security, 15(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v15i1.5737

Sigalov, K., Ye, X., König, M., Hagedorn, P., Blum, F., Severin, B., Hettmer, M., Hückinghaus, P., Wölkerling, J., & Groß, D. (2021). Automated payment and contract management in the construction industry by integrating building information modeling and blockchain-based smart contracts. Applied Sciences, 11(16), Article 7653. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167653

Singh, S., & Ashuri, B. (2019). Leveraging blockchain technology in AEC industry during design development phase. In Computing in Civil Engineering 2019: Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation (pp. 393–401). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.050

Singh, A. K., & Kumar, V. P. (2024). Analyzing the barriers for blockchain-enabled BIM adoption in facility management using best-worst method approach. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 14(2), 164–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-04-2023-0080

Siountri, K., Skondras, E., & Vergados, D. D. (2019a). Towards a smart museum using BIM, IoT, blockchain and advanced digital technologies. In ICVISP 2019: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing, Article 23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3387168.3387196

Siountri, K., Skondras, E., Mavroeidakos, T., & Vergados, D. D. (2019b). The convergence of blockchain, internet of things (IoT) and building information modeling (BIM): The smart museum case. In WTS 2019 – Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, New York, USA.

Siountri, K., Skondras, E., & Vergados, D. D. (2020). Developing smart buildings using blockchain, internet of things, and building information modeling. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 12(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITN.2020070101

Sonmez, R., Ahmadisheykhsarmast, S., & Güngör, A. A. (2022). BIM integrated smart contract for construction project progress payment administration. Automation in Construction, 139, Article 104294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104294

Srećković, M., Šibenik, G., Breitfuß, D., Preindl, T., & Kastner, W. (2021). Analysis of design phase processes with BIM for blockchain implementation. In ECPPM 2021 – eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (pp. 125–131). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003191476-17

Suliman Eissa Mohammed, H., & Jamal Salem Alharthi, W. (2022). Blockchain technology and the future of construction industry in the Arab region: Applications, challenges, and future opportunities. Engineering Research Journal, 173, 411–441. https://doi.org/10.21608/erj.2022.223618

Suliyanti, W. N., & Sari, R. F. (2019). Blockchain-based building information modeling. In 2019 2nd International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAE47758.2019.9221744

Suliyanti, W. N., & Sari, R. F. (2021). Blockchain-based implementation of building information modeling information using hyperledger composer. Sustainability, 13(1), Article 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010321

Suliyanti, W. N., & Sari, R. F. (2023). Blockchain-based double-layer byzantine fault tolerance for scalability enhancement for building information modeling information exchange. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 7(2), Article 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020090

Tan, J. H., Loo, S. C., Zainon, N., Aziz, N. M., & Mohd Rahim, F. A. (2023). Potential functionality and workability of blockchain within a building information modelling (BIM) environment. Journal of Facilities Management, 21(4), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-10-2021-0131

Tao, X., Das, M., Liu, Y., & Cheng, J. C. (2021). Distributed common data environment using blockchain and interplanetary file system for secure BIM-based collaborative design. Automation in Construction, 130, Article 103851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103851

Tao, X., Liu, Y., Wong, P. K. Y., Chen, K., Das, M., & Cheng, J. C. (2022). Confidentiality-minded framework for blockchain-based BIM design collaboration. Automation in Construction, 136, Article 104172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104172

Tao, X., Das, M., Zheng, C., Liu, Y., Wong, P. K. Y., Xu, Y., Liu, H., Gong, X., & Cheng, J. C. (2023a). Enhancing BIM security in emergency construction projects using lightweight blockchain-as-a-service. Automation in Construction, 150, Article 104846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104846

Tao, X., Wong, P. K. Y., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Gong, X., Zheng, C., Das, M., & Cheng, J. C. (2023b). Smart contract swarm and multi-branch structure for secure and efficient BIM versioning in blockchain-aided common data environment. Computers in Industry, 149, Article 103922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2023.103922

Turk, Ž., & Klinc, R. (2017). Potentials of blockchain technology for construction management. Procedia Engineering, 196, 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.052

Vijayeta, M. (2021). BIM: blockchain interface framework for the construction industry. International Journal of Sustainable Real Estate and Construction Economics, 2(1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSRECE.2021.10038966

Wang, H., Pan, Y., & Luo, X. (2019). Integration of BIM and GIS in sustainable built environment: A review and bibliometric analysis. Automation in Construction, 103, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.03.005

Wang, J., Shen, Y., Xiong, X., Wang, X., & Fang, X. (2022). Research on multi-person collaborative design of BIM drawing based on blockchain. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 16312. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20321-5

Wu, P., Jin, R., Xu, Y., Lin, F., Dong, Y., & Pan, Z. (2021). The analysis of barriers to BIM implementation for industrialized building construction: A China study. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 27(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.14105

Wu, H., Zhang, P., Li, H., Zhong, B., Fung, I. W., & Lee, Y. Y. R. (2022a). Blockchain technology in the construction industry: Current status, challenges, and future directions. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 148(10), Article 03122007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002380

Wu, L., Lu, W., Xue, F., Li, X., Zhao, R., & Tang, M. (2022b). Linking permissioned blockchain to internet of things (IoT)-BIM platform for off-site production management in modular construction. Computers in Industry, 135, Article 103573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2021.103573

Xu, Y., Chong, H. Y., & Chi, M. (2021). A review of smart contracts applications in various industries: a procurement perspective. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2021, Article 5530755. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530755

Xu, Y., Chong, H. Y., & Chi, M. (2022). Blockchain in the AECO industry: Current status, key topics, and future research agenda. Automation in Construction, 134, Article 104101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104101

Xue, F., & Lu, W. (2020). A semantic differential transaction approach to minimizing information redundancy for BIM and blockchain integration. Automation in Construction, 118, Article 103270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103270

Ye, X., & König, M. (2020). Framework for automated billing in the construction industry using BIM and smart contracts. In E. Santos Toledo, & S. Scheer (Eds.), Lecture notes in civil engineering: Vol 98. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering. ICCCBE 2020 (pp. 824–838). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51295-8_57

Ye, X., Sigalov, K., & König, M. (2020). Integrating BIM-and cost-included information container with blockchain for construction automated payment using billing model and smart contracts. In Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020) (pp. 1388–1395). IAARC Publications. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0192

Ye, Z., Yin, M., Tang, L., & Jiang, H. (2018). Cup-of-Water theory: A review on the interaction of BIM, IoT and blockchain during the whole building lifecycle. In Proceedings of the 35th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2018) (pp. 478–485). IAARC Publications. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2018/0066

Yu, J., Zhong, H., & Bolpagni, M. (2024). Integrating blockchain with building information modelling (BIM): A systematic review based on a sociotechnical system perspective. Construction Innovation, 24(1), 280–316. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-04-2023-0082

Zhang, F., Chan, A. P., Darko, A., Chen, Z., & Li, D. (2022). Integrated applications of building information modeling and artificial intelligence techniques in the AEC/FM industry. Automation in Construction, 139, Article 104289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104289

Zhang, T., Doan, D. T., & Kang, J. (2023). Application of building information modeling-blockchain integration in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction/Facilities Management industry: A review. Journal of Building Engineering, 77, Article 107551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107551

Zheng, R., Jiang, J., Hao, X., Ren, W., Xiong, F., & Ren, Y. (2019). bcBIM: A blockchain-based big data model for BIM modification audit and provenance in mobile cloud. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2019, Article 5349538. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5349538

Zhong, B., Wu, H., Ding, L., Luo, H., Luo, Y., & Pan, X. (2020). Hyperledger fabric-based consortium blockchain for construction quality information management. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 7(4), 512–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-020-0128-y

Zhong, B., Pan, X., Ding, L., Chen, Q., & Hu, X. (2023). Blockchain-driven integration technology for the AEC industry. Automation in Construction, 150, Article 104791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.104791